Grammar Reference
In-depth explanations with tables for the tricky parts — gender, cases, conjugations, and more.
Noun Gender
Rodzaj rzeczownika
Every Polish noun is masculine, feminine, or neuter. The gender decides adjective and verb endings — master this first.
The Cases — Overview
Przypadki
Polish nouns change their endings depending on their role in the sentence. Here are the four cases from your A0 course and when to use each.
Accusative Case
Biernik
The case of the direct object. Used after mieć, lubić, znać, kochać, proszę, and "mam na sobie".
Instrumental Case
Narzędnik
Used to say what you ARE (jestem studentem), what you go BY, and after "z" meaning "with".
Genitive Case
Dopełniacz
The case of negation and possession. Used after "nie ma", "z/do", quantities, and to show "of".
The Verb "Być" (To Be)
Czasownik być
The most important verb in Polish. Irregular — memorize this table.
The Three Conjugations
Koniugacje
Most Polish verbs follow one of three ending-patterns. See them side by side.
znać vs wiedzieć vs umieć
Trzy czasowniki „wiedzy”
Three verbs all translated as "to know" in English — but each is used differently. This trips up every learner.
Telling the Time
Która godzina?
Full hours, "past", "to", and the half-hour trick — with pronunciation for every form.
Numbers Reference
Liczebniki
A complete chart from 1 to 1000, plus the tricky "lat vs lata" rule for age and counting.
Polish Cities & Regions
Polskie miasta
How to say "I am FROM…" and "I LIVE IN…" for real Polish cities — two different case forms.
Pronouns Across Cases
Zaimki
Personal and possessive pronouns and how they change form in each case.
Shopping & Money
Zakupy i pieniądze
Phrases for shops, asking prices, paying, sizes, and trying things on — with full example dialogues.
Frequency Adverbs
Przysłówki częstotliwości
How often do you do something? See zawsze, zwykle, często, rzadko, nigdy on a visual scale from always to never.
Common Questions & How to Answer
Pytania i odpowiedzi
The questions you will hear every day — and exactly how to answer them with the correct case and form.